cf. v. 7). In contrast, Jesus’ parable is directed against the ruling priests (cf. Mark 11:27; 12:12). That Jesus’ parable is based on Isaiah 5 is obvious, but what is not obvious is why the ruling priests readily perceived that the parable had been told “against them” (cf. Mark 12:12). Bruce Chilton has made a convincing case that the Targum helps clarify a saying of Jesus. He has observed that in the Aramaic paraphrase of the Isaiah passage the criticism is given a distinctly anti-Temple orientation.